Okay Doc, this is a head-scratcher but let's apply some deductive logic and see…
1) Old enclosure = OK; New enclosure = not so much.
2) Drives = same ones - no change.
3) Same symptom in OSX.
4) System folder seems visible at start but no data transfer on select.
Again, ONLY change is the enclosure.
Logic says that the new enclosure is lacking something the old one had. My guess is that's some sort of enabler that :
Allows the Mac to begin communication with the enclosed drive before any Firewire extension(s) are loaded.
Your new drive enclosures are lacking or have some sort of defect in their FW communications kits. You should be asking: What could this be, who made these damn things and how do I get them on the phone?
Actually, I'll bet you knew this already… good luck.